The four key elements of marketing: Product, Price, Place, and Promotion, used to develop marketing strategies.
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A problem-solving method that involves asking "why" five times to identify the root cause of a problem.
A Lean methodology concept identifying seven types of waste in processes to improve efficiency.
A type of testing conducted to determine if the requirements of a specification are met, often the final step before delivery to the customer.
A cognitive bias that causes people to attribute their own actions to situational factors while attributing others' actions to their character.
A cognitive architecture model that explains how humans can learn and adapt to new tasks.
A tool used in education to help learners organize and structure new information before learning it in detail.
A mental shortcut where current emotions influence decisions, often bypassing logic and reasoning.
The emotional attachment an employee feels toward their organization, which influences their desire to stay.
The process of predicting how one will feel in the future, which often involves biases and inaccuracies.
The tendency to favor people who are similar to oneself in terms of background, beliefs, or interests.
A tool used to organize ideas and data into groups based on their natural relationships.
The perceived and actual properties of an object that determine how it could be used.
The process of defining and creating algorithms to solve problems and perform tasks efficiently.
A decision-making paradox that shows people's preferences can violate the expected utility theory, highlighting irrational behavior.
A preliminary testing phase conducted by internal staff to identify bugs before releasing the product to external testers or customers.
A cognitive bias where decision-making is affected by the lack of information or uncertainty.
The practice of drawing inspiration from sources outside of one's field to generate creative ideas.
Anchoring (also known as Focalism) is a cognitive bias where individuals rely heavily on the first piece of information (the "anchor") when making decisions.
A logical fallacy where anecdotal evidence is used to make a broad generalization.
A logical fallacy in which it is assumed that qualities of one thing are inherently qualities of another, due to an irrelevant association.
A cognitive bias where people assume others share the same beliefs, values, or preferences as themselves.
The tendency for people's perception to be affected by their recurring thoughts at the time.
A brainstorming technique that involves listing all possible attributes of a product or problem to generate new ideas and solutions.
A theory that explains how individuals determine the causes of behavior and events, including the distinction between internal and external attributions.
A principle that suggests people are more likely to comply with requests or follow suggestions from authority figures.
The ability to perform actions or behaviors automatically due to learning, repetition, and practice.
A cognitive bias where people overestimate the importance of information that is readily available.
A self-reinforcing process in which a collective belief gains more plausibility through its increasing repetition in public discourse.
A mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to mind when evaluating a specific topic, concept, method, or decision.
The experience of noticing something for the first time and then frequently encountering it shortly after, also known as frequency illusion.
A cognitive bias where individuals strengthen their beliefs when presented with evidence that contradicts them.
A psychological phenomenon where people do something primarily because others are doing it.
Obstacles that make it difficult for new competitors to enter an industry, such as high capital requirements, strong brand loyalty, or regulatory hurdles.
A cognitive bias where people ignore general statistical information in favor of specific information.
The study of psychology as it relates to the economic decision-making processes of individuals and institutions.
The theory that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning, often used to understand and influence behavior change.
The study of the principles that govern human behavior, including how people respond to stimuli and learn from their environment.
A theoretical approach that focuses on observable behaviors and dismisses internal processes, emphasizing the role of environmental factors in shaping behavior.
The tendency to judge the strength of arguments based on the believability of their conclusions rather than the logical strength of the arguments.
The tendency to cling to one's beliefs even in the face of contradictory evidence.
A psychological phenomenon where a person who has done a favor for someone is more likely to do another favor for that person than if they had received a favor from them.
A statistical phenomenon where two independent events appear to be correlated due to a selection bias.
An experimental design where different groups of participants are exposed to different conditions, allowing for comparison between groups.
Also known as Parkinson's Law of Triviality, is the tendency to spend excessive time on trivial details while neglecting more important issues.
A cognitive bias where bizarre or unusual information is better remembered than common information.
A cognitive bias where people remember scenes as being more expansive than they actually were.
A concept that humans make decisions within the limits of their knowledge, cognitive capacity, and available time, leading to satisficing rather than optimal solutions.
A simple sorting algorithm that repeatedly steps through the list, compares adjacent elements, and swaps them if they are in the wrong order.
A sorting algorithm that distributes elements into a number of buckets, sorts each bucket individually, and then combines the buckets to get the sorted list.
A cognitive bias where individuals evaluate the value of bundled items differently than they would if the items were evaluated separately.
The process of running a system for an extended period to detect early failures and ensure reliability.
The ability to understand and deal with various business situations, making sound decisions to ensure successful outcomes.
The principle that the more a metric is used to make decisions, the more it will be subject to corruption and distort the processes it is intended to monitor.
A theory of emotion suggesting that physical and emotional responses to stimuli occur simultaneously and independently.
A cognitive bias where people judge the likelihood of an event based on the size of its category rather than its actual probability.
A statistical theory that states that the distribution of sample means approximates a normal distribution as the sample size becomes larger, regardless of the population's distribution.
A cognitive bias where people give greater weight to outcomes that are certain compared to those that are merely probable.
The study of dynamic systems that are highly sensitive to initial conditions, leading to unpredictable behavior.
The tendency to attribute positive qualities to one's own choices and downplay the negatives, enhancing post-decision satisfaction.
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